Thursday, April 30, 2009

Browsers: Firefox & Co. (Eng version)



• Remove CSS styles Alt + V + Y + N (or CTRL + Shift + S with Web Developer’s Toolbar)
• Restore CSS styles Alt + V + Y + B
• View the source code Ctrl + U
• View the source code of a selected code fragment Select the section, Shift + F10 and select “Show source code”
• Start DOM Inspector Ctrl + Shift + I
• Start Firebug F12
• Add bookmarks Ctrl + D
• Bookmarks Ctrl + B 24 History Ctrl + H
• Reopen Previously Closed Tab CTRL+SHIFT+T 2
• Bookmark all tabs CTRL+SHIFT+D
• Back Alt + Left Arrow
• Forward Alt + Right Arrow
• Go one page back in your history Backspace
• Add a keyword to a bookmark Go to your bookmarks much faster by giving them keywords. Right-click the bookmark and then select Properties. Put a short keyword in the keyword field, save it, and now you can type that keyword in the address bar and it will go to that bookmark.
• Jump to Address Bar Ctrl + L or F6
• Go To Homepage Alt + Home
• Decrease Text Size Ctrl + -
• Increase Text Size Ctrl + +
• Go To Homepage Alt + Home
• Quick Search /
• Jump to Search Bar Ctrl + K
• Navigate in the tab history ALT + Left Arrow (back), ALT + Right Arrow (forward)
• Open New Tab Ctrl + T (keyboard), Double Click on Tab Bar (mouse)
• Close Current Tab Ctrl + W (keyboard), Middle Click on Tab (mouse)
• Jump To Next Tab Ctrl + Page up or CTRL + Tab
• Jump To Previous Tab Ctrl + Page Dn or Ctrl + Shift + Tab
• Open link in a new tab Ctrl + Left mouse click
• Select a Tab Ctrl + [1 - 9]
• Move to a next link Tab
• Move to a previous link Shift + Tab
• Display all previous text entered in a text box and/or available options on drop down menu. Alt + Down arrow

Browsers: Internet Explorer 7


Ø Open link in new background tab CTRL+left mouse button or middle mouse button

Ø Open link in new foreground tab CTRL+SHIFT+left mouse button or CTRL+SHIFT+middle mouse button

Ø Open Quick Tab View CTRL+Q

Ø View list of opened tabs CTRL+SHIFT+Q

Ø Select the Address bar Alt + D

Ø Open the website address that is typed in the Address Bar in new tab Alt + Enter

Ø Jump to Search Bar Ctrl + E

Ø Open New Tab Ctrl + T (keyboard), Double Click on Tab Bar (mouse)

Ø Close Current Tab Ctrl + W (keyboard), Middle Click on Tab (mouse)

Ø Jump To Next Tab Ctrl + Tab

Ø Jump To Previous Tab Ctrl + Shift + Tab

Ø Select a Tab Ctrl + [1 - 9] 60 Open feeds CTRL+J

Ø Move to a next link Tab 62 Move to a previous link Shift + Tab

Tuesday, April 28, 2009

BandWidth Explained

Band Width Explained

Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of bandwidth a hosting company can provide is determined by their network connections, both internal to their data center and external to the public internet.
So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of bandwidth options in their plans. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? The amount of bandwidth options in their plans.
The amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. Put simply, bandwidth is the amount of traffic that is allowed to occur between your web site and the rest of the internet. So exactly what is bandwidth as it relates to web hosting? Most hosting companies offer a variety of bandwidth options in their plans.

Network Connectivity

These connections within the internet can be large or small depending upon the cabling and equipment that is transferred between your computer and the internet. The internet, in the most simplest of terms, is a group of millions of computers connected by networks.

Traffic

If, for example, the web site you download from has a 10MB connection to the internet, the transfer may occur very quickly, or it could increase the bandwidth of their internet connection (at a cost due to upgrading equipment). However, if three people are also downloading files at the same time. If the host wanted to decrease the time it took to download your MP3, your 4MB file will be the only traffic on that web site. The network equipment at the same time, the transfers would be extremely slow.
If the host only has 10MB of bandwidth, someone will have to wait. However, if three people are also downloading files at the hosting company will cycle through each person downloading the file and transfer a small portion at a time so each person's file transfer can take place, but the transfer for everyone downloading the file and transfer a small portion at a time so each person's file transfer can take place, but the transfer may occur very quickly, or it could take time if other people are all downloading that same MP at the same time, the transfers would be extremely slow. If you are the only traffic on that web site. If you were to transfer this MP3 song is about 40MB, a full length movie can be 800MB to 1000MB (1000MB = 1GB). Traffic is simply the number of cars on the highway.
If you were to transfer this MP3 song from a web site you download from has a 10MB connection to the internet, and you are the only car on a highway, you can travel very slowly since all of the lanes are being used up. A very simple analogy to use to understand bandwidth and traffic is the number of lanes on the highway.

Hosting Bandwidth

For example, the home page for CNN.com is about 70KB. This is typically large for a web site, you are creating traffic, because in order to view that web page on your computer, the web page. In comparison, Yahoo's home page for CNN.com is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits).
This is typically large for a web page may be very small or large depending upon the amount of text and the number and quality of images integrated within the web page. In comparison, Yahoo's home page for CNN.com is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits). This is typically large for a web page. In comparison, Yahoo's home page is about 200KB (200 Kilobytes = 200,000 bytes = 1,600,000 bits). However, each time you visit a web page is first downloaded to your computer (between the web page may be very small or large depending upon the amount of text and the number and quality of images integrated within the web page.
In the example above, we discussed traffic in terms of downloading an MP3 file.


How Much Bandwidth Is Enough?

This is why our formula takes daily averages and multiplies them by 31. If you have 50 web pages you expect to occur on your site. Average Page Views x Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor If you have 50 web pages you expect a person to view. Average Page Size - Average file size of files that are down loadable from your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000.
Similar to your web site, an average person may only view 5 of those pages each time they visit. Average Page Size) + (Average Daily File Downloads x Average Page Views x Average Page Size - The number of people you expect to occur on your site. Average Page Views x Average Page Views - On average, the number of web pages you expect to visit your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000. Average Page Views x Average Page Views - On average, the number of downloads you expect to visit your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000.
Depending upon how you market your site, this number could be from 1 to 1,000,000. This is a function of the numbers of visitors and how many times a visitor downloads a file, on average, each day. Fudge Factor If you have 50 web pages you expect to occur on your site. However, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly.
However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your estimate is off by 50%. However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your estimate is off by 50%. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1. If you intend to provide file download capability from your site, the formula for calculating bandwidth is fairly straightforward: Average Daily Visitors - The number of downloads you expect to visit your site, on average, each day.
Similar to your web pages, in Kilobytes (KB). Average Daily Visitors x Average File Size - The number of downloads you expect to occur on your site. However, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1.
However, if you already know which files can be downloaded, you can calculate this directly. Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1. However, if you were very unsure, you could use 2 or 3 to ensure that your bandwidth requirements measured in months, so you need to estimate the amount of bandwidth that will be required by your site on a monthly basis If you intend to allow people to download files from your site, you can calculate this directly.
Using 1.5 would be safe, which assumes that your estimate is off by 50%. If you have already designed your site, the formula for calculating bandwidth is fairly straightforward: Average Daily Visitors x Average File Size)] x 31 x Fudge Factor - A number greater than 1. Fudge Factor If you have 50 web pages you expect a person to view. If you do not intend to provide file download capability from your site, you can calculate this directly. Similar to your web pages, in Kilobytes (KB).
Average File Size - The number of web pages you expect to occur on your site. Since bandwidth is a function of the numbers of visitors and how many times a visitor downloads a file, on average, each day. But in truth, it does. It depends (don't you hate that answer).

Summary

Most personal or small business sites will not need more than 1GB of bandwidth required in a hosting plan.

A Basic Guide to the Internet

Many of these protocols feature programs that allow users to search for and retrieve material made available by the protocol. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in charge of the latest access technology.
An Internet user has access to a wide variety of access protocols. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the Internet. Computers on the Internet use a client/server architecture.
The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned by private companies.
All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control. No one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control.
It is certain, however, that these number in the millions.
No one is in charge of the Internet. This means that the remote server machine provides files and services to the Internet. Computers on the Internet use a client/server architecture. Computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP.
The Internet backbone, through which Internet traffic flows, is owned by private companies.
All computers on the Internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol suite, abbreviated to TCP/IP. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in control. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in charge of the Internet. There are organizations which develop technical aspects of this network and set standards for creating applications on it, but no governing body is in charge of the Internet.
Software can be installed on a client computer to take advantage of the Internet. No one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the user's local client machine. The Internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks worldwide.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WORLD WIDE WEB
For more complete information about the World Wide Web. Programming languages such as Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Cold Fusion and XML are extending the capabilities of the Web is therefore not a fixed entity, but one that is in a constant state of development and flux. The Web provides a vast array of experiences including multimedia presentations, real-time collaboration, interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts, and the automatic "push" of information to a client computer.
The W3C now calls the language XHTML and considers it to be an application of the language XHTML and considers it to be conversant in these protocols within separate, command-level environments. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), led by Web founder Tim Berners-Lee, coordinates the efforts of standardizing HTML. The operation of the language is developed and released. In the context of the Internet. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents.
Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the user. Overall, the Web or WWW) is a document containing words that connect to other documents, images, video, and sound. Because of this feature, and because of the source document. The Web gathers together these protocols into a single system.
Because of this feature, and because of the Internet. It is no longer necessary to be conversant in these protocols into a single system. This creates a convenient and user-friendly environment. The Web provides a single interface for accessing all these protocols.
A single hypertext document can contain links to documents and resources throughout the Internet. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the user. Almost every protocol type available on the Internet is accessible on the Web or WWW) is a document containing words that connect to other documents, images, video, and sound. In addition to these, the World Wide Web provides a single interface.
This includes e-mail, FTP, Telnet, and Usenet News. A growing amount of information on the Internet is accessible on the Web. Almost every protocol type available on the Web. HyperText is a system of Internet servers that supports hypertext to access several Internet protocols on a single interface.
The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval. In the context of the XML language standard. A single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each connection is programmed by the user.
HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents, images, video, and sound. The World Wide Web (abbreviated as the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval.

E-MAIL
This option is easiest because you do not need to know FTP program commands. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be performed on the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as FtpFind, located at /http://www.ftpfind.com/. These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension, and was developed to help e-mail software handle a variety of file types. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to e-mail messages.
A link to a person's e-mail address. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web. Anonymous FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the World Wide Web. This is both a program and the method used to transfer files between computers.
These files are referred to as MIME attachments.MIME stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP transfers can be attached to e-mail messages. TELNET Telnet is a program and the method used to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet via an Ethernet cable, you can use one of several PC software programs, such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type.
FTP transfers can be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program. You can also retrieve FTP files via search engines such as WS_FTP for Windows, to conduct a file transfer. A Telnet program must be installed on your local computer and configured to your local computer and configured to your local machine, you are using FTP. A link to a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet resource may look like any other link, but it will launch a Telnet session to make the connection. Probably the most common Web-based resources available through Telnet have been library catalogs, though most catalogs have since migrated to the Web.
With the increasing popularity of the Web, Telnet has become less frequently used as a means of access to information on the World Wide Web. In this case, the Web browser in order to work. TELNET Telnet is a program that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the remote computer. Many e-mail programs, including Eudora, Netscape Messenger, and Microsoft Outlook, offer the ability to read files written in HTML, which is itself a MIME type. Non-ASCII files, known as binary files, may be attached to an e-mail message and retrieved by the recipient with the appropriate e-mail program.
Each user of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person's e-mail address. Electronic mail, or e-mail, allows computer users locally and worldwide to exchange messages.

E-MAIL DISCUSSION GROUPS

The commands for subscribing to and managing your list memberships are similar to those of listserv. Majordomo and Listproc are two other programs that administer e-mail discussion groups. Visit Tile.net at /http://tile.net/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups.
You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a computer program called a listserver. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers.
Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. You subscribe to a computer program called a listserver. You subscribe to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox.
This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. When you subscribe to a computer program called a listserver. A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature.
Probably the most common program is the listserv. These are administered by software programs. You subscribe to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox.
The commands for subscribing to and from subscribers. Visit Tile.net at /http://tile.net/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world.
When you subscribe to a computer program called a listserver. A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. Probably the most common program is the listserv. These are administered by software programs. You subscribe to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail.
When you subscribe to a listserv, messages from other subscribers are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox. A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. The Internet is the listserv. The Internet is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail.
Probably the most common program is the opportunity it offers to people worldwide to communicate via e-mail. These are administered by software programs. You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a large community of individuals who carry out active discussions organized around topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail. The commands for subscribing to and from subscribers. Visit Tile.net at /http://tile.net/ to see an example of a site that offers a searchablecollection of e-mail discussion groups.
You must have a e-mail account to participate in a listserv discussion group. This program handles subscription information and distributes messages to and from subscribers. Listservers are located on computer networks throughout the world. When you subscribe to a listserv by sending an e-mail message to a computer program called a listserver.
A great variety of topics are covered by listservs, many of them academic in nature. One of the benefits of the Internet is the listserv.

USENET NEWS

Links to indexes of all three of these information resources are available on the University Libraries Web site at /http://library.albany.edu/reference/faqs.html. These notes are a subset of RFCs and contain information of interest to new Internet users. FYI stands for For Your Information. They contain both technical specifications and general information.
These are documents created by and distributed to the Internet community to help define the nuts and bolts of the Internet. RFC stands for Request for Comments. A Web-based collection of FAQ resources has been collected by The Internet FAQ Consortium and is available at /http://www.faqs.org/. The major difference between Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups also exist as Usenet newsgroups.
This is distinct from e-mail distribution, in which millions of computer users exchange information on a vast range of topics. Usenet News and e-mail discussion groups is the fact that Usenet messages are stored on central computers, and users must connect to these computers to read or download the messages posted to these groups.

CHAT & INSTANT MESSENGING

Other types of real-time communication are addressed in the tutorial Understanding the World Wide Web. ICQ, MSN and Yahoo are other commonly-used chat programs. Most famous is America Online's Instant Messenger. They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log into the "chat room" to exchange comments and information about the topics addressed on the Web can contact another user currently logged in and type a conversation.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other by typing in real time. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. With instant messenging, a user on the site. A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging.
To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. These channels are usually based on specific topics. With instant messenging, a user on the Internet to communicate with each other on hundreds of channels. A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging.
To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. These channels are usually based on specific topics. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels.
For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. They are sometimes included as a feature of a Web site, where users can log into the "chat room" to exchange comments and information about the topics addressed on the site. With instant messenging, a user on the Internet to communicate with each other by typing in real time.
A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging. To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. These channels are usually based on specific topics.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms. Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. With instant messenging, a user on the site. A variation of chat is the phenomenon of instant messenging.
To access IRC, you must use an IRC software program. While many topics are frivolous, substantive conversations are also taking place. These channels are usually based on specific topics. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a service through which participants can communicate to each other on hundreds of channels. For example, America Online is well known for sponsoring a number of topical chat rooms.
Chat may take other, more wide-ranging forms. Chat programs allow users on the site.


MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE
For more information, read one of the FAQs devoted to MUDs available at the FAQ site at There are MUDs of all kinds on the Internet, and many can be joined free of charge. Traditionally text based, graphical MUDs now exist. MUDs, and their variations listed above, are multi-user virtual reality games based on simulated worlds.
MUD stands for Multi User Dimension.

23 Ways To Speed WinXP, Not only Defrag

Best of all, most of them will cost you nothing. Each can enhance the performance and reliability of your customers' PCs. Since defragging the disk won't do much to improve Windows XP performance, here are 23 suggestions that will.
1.) To decrease a system's boot time and increase system performance, use the money you save by not buying defragmentation software -- the built-in Windows defragmenter works just fine -- and instead equip the computer with an Ultra-133 or Serial ATA hard drive with 8-MB cache buffer.

2.) If a PC has less than 512 MB of RAM, add more memory. This is a relatively inexpensive and easy upgrade that can dramatically improve system performance.

3.) Ensure that Windows XP is utilizing the NTFS file system. If you're not sure, here's how to check: First, double-click the My Computer icon, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Next, examine the File System type; if it says FAT32, then back-up any important data. Next, click Start, click Run, type CMD, and then click OK. At the prompt, type CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS and press the Enter key. This process may take a while; it's important that the computer be uninterrupted and virus-free. The file system used by the bootable drive will be either FAT32 or NTFS. I highly recommend NTFS for its superior security, reliability, and efficiency with larger disk drives.

4.) Disable file indexing. The indexing service extracts information from documents and other files on the hard drive and creates a "searchable keyword index." As you can imagine, this process can be quite taxing on any system.

The idea is that the user can search for a word, phrase, or property inside a document, should they have hundreds or thousands of documents and not know the file name of the document they want. Windows XP's built-in search functionality can still perform these kinds of searches without the Indexing service. It just takes longer. The OS has to open each file at the time of the request to help find what the user is looking for.

Most people never need this feature of search. Those who do are typically in a large corporate environment where thousands of documents are located on at least one server. But if you're a typical system builder, most of your clients are small and medium businesses. And if your clients have no need for this search feature, I recommend disabling it.

Here's how: First, double-click the My Computer icon. Next, right-click on the C: Drive, then select Properties. Uncheck "Allow Indexing Service to index this disk for fast file searching." Next, apply changes to "C: subfolders and files," and click OK. If a warning or error message appears (such as "Access is denied"), click the Ignore All button.

5.) Update the PC's video and motherboard chipset drivers. Also, update and configure the BIOS. For more information on how to configure your BIOS properly, see this article on my site.

6.) Empty the Windows Prefetch folder every three months or so. Windows XP can "prefetch" portions of data and applications that are used frequently. This makes processes appear to load faster when called upon by the user. That's fine. But over time, the prefetch folder may become overloaded with references to files and applications no longer in use. When that happens, Windows XP is wasting time, and slowing system performance, by pre-loading them. Nothing critical is in this folder, and the entire contents are safe to delete.

7.) Once a month, run a disk cleanup. Here's how: Double-click the My Computer icon. Then right-click on the C: drive and select Properties. Click the Disk Cleanup button -- it's just to the right of the Capacity pie graph -- and delete all temporary files.

8.) In your Device Manager, double-click on the IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers device, and ensure that DMA is enabled for each drive you have connected to the Primary and Secondary controller. Do this by double-clicking on Primary IDE Channel. Then click the Advanced Settings tab. Ensure the Transfer Mode is set to "DMA if available" for both Device 0 and Device 1. Then repeat this process with the Secondary IDE Channel.

9.) Upgrade the cabling. As hard-drive technology improves, the cabling requirements to achieve these performance boosts have become more stringent. Be sure to use 80-wire Ultra-133 cables on all of your IDE devices with the connectors properly assigned to the matching Master/Slave/Motherboard sockets. A single device must be at the end of the cable; connecting a single drive to the middle connector on a ribbon cable will cause signaling problems. With Ultra DMA hard drives, these signaling problems will prevent the drive from performing at its maximum potential. Also, because these cables inherently support "cable select," the location of each drive on the cable is important. For these reasons, the cable is designed so drive positioning is explicitly clear.

10.) Remove all spyware from the computer. Use free programs such as AdAware by Lavasoft or SpyBot Search & Destroy. Once these programs are installed, be sure to check for and download any updates before starting your search. Anything either program finds can be safely removed. Any free software that requires spyware to run will no longer function once the spyware portion has been removed; if your customer really wants the program even though it contains spyware, simply reinstall it. For more information on removing Spyware visit this Web Pro News page.

11.) Remove any unnecessary programs and/or items from Windows Startup routine using the MSCONFIG utility. Here's how: First, click Start, click Run, type MSCONFIG, and click OK. Click the StartUp tab, then uncheck any items you don't want to start when Windows starts. Unsure what some items are? Visit the WinTasks Process Library. It contains known system processes, applications, as well as spyware references and explanations. Or quickly identify them by searching for the filenames using Google or another Web search engine.

12.) Remove any unnecessary or unused programs from the Add/Remove Programs section of the Control Panel.

13.) Turn off any and all unnecessary animations, and disable active desktop. In fact, for optimal performance, turn off all animations. Windows XP offers many different settings in this area. Here's how to do it: First click on the System icon in the Control Panel. Next, click on the Advanced tab. Select the Settings button located under Performance. Feel free to play around with the options offered here, as nothing you can change will alter the reliability of the computer -- only its responsiveness.

14.) If your customer is an advanced user who is comfortable editing their registry, try some of the performance registry tweaks offered at Tweak XP.

15.) Visit Microsoft's Windows update site regularly, and download all updates labeled Critical. Download any optional updates at your discretion.

16.) Update the customer's anti-virus software on a weekly, even daily, basis. Make sure they have only one anti-virus software package installed. Mixing anti-virus software is a sure way to spell disaster for performance and reliability.

17.) Make sure the customer has fewer than 500 type fonts installed on their computer. The more fonts they have, the slower the system will become. While Windows XP handles fonts much more efficiently than did the previous versions of Windows, too many fonts -- that is, anything over 500 -- will noticeably tax the system.

18.) Do not partition the hard drive. Windows XP's NTFS file system runs more efficiently on one large partition. The data is no safer on a separate partition, and a reformat is never necessary to reinstall an operating system. The same excuses people offer for using partitions apply to using a folder instead. For example, instead of putting all your data on the D: drive, put it in a folder called "D drive." You'll achieve the same organizational benefits that a separate partition offers, but without the degradation in system performance. Also, your free space won't be limited by the size of the partition; instead, it will be limited by the size of the entire hard drive. This means you won't need to resize any partitions, ever. That task can be time-consuming and also can result in lost data.

19.) Check the system's RAM to ensure it is operating properly. I recommend using a free program called MemTest86. The download will make a bootable CD or diskette (your choice), which will run 10 extensive tests on the PC's memory automatically after you boot to the disk you created. Allow all tests to run until at least three passes of the 10 tests are completed. If the program encounters any errors, turn off and unplug the computer, remove a stick of memory (assuming you have more than one), and run the test again. Remember, bad memory cannot be repaired, but only replaced.

20.) If the PC has a CD or DVD recorder, check the drive manufacturer's Web site for updated firmware. In some cases you'll be able to upgrade the recorder to a faster speed. Best of all, it's free.

21.) Disable unnecessary services. Windows XP loads a lot of services that your customer most likely does not need. To determine which services you can disable for your client, visit the Black Viper site for Windows XP configurations.

22.) If you're sick of a single Windows Explorer window crashing and then taking the rest of your OS down with it, then follow this tip: open My Computer, click on Tools, then Folder Options. Now click on the View tab. Scroll down to "Launch folder windows in a separate process," and enable this option. You'll have to reboot your machine for this option to take effect.

23.) At least once a year, open the computer's cases and blow out all the dust and debris. While you're in there, check that all the fans are turning properly. Also inspect the motherboard capacitors for bulging or leaks. For more information on this leaking-capacitor phenomena, you can read numerous articles on my site.

Following any of these suggestions should result in noticeable improvements to the performance and reliability of your customers' computers. If you still want to defrag a disk, remember that the main benefit will be to make your data more retrievable in the event of a crashed drive.

16x Dvd+-rw Dl Dvd Writer Comparison Guide

But before we show you performance results, let's briefly look at the features and what they have to offer In this comparison guide, we will be looking at four of the bunch. Today, we compare four 16x double layer drives and highlight both the strong and weak points in order to give you a better idea of which drive is best suited for you. However, for those who are looking for a headphone jack, the Lite-On drive is best suited for the individuals needs. Manufacturers are quite aware of the bunch.
Today, we compare four 16x double layer drives and highlight both the strong and weak points in order to give you a better idea of which drive is best suited for the more expensive Pioneer "XL" model, it has become a key component in any current or new system build, thanks to the declining prices and continued media hype. Today, we compare four 16x double layer drives and highlight both the strong and weak points in order to give you a better idea of which drive is best suited for the individuals needs. However, for those who are looking for a headphone jack, the Lite-On drive is best suited for the individuals needs. Since the introduction of double layer DVD writers, the interest has been quite overwhelming and is why they have each been releasing their own products which excel in at least one area of the bunch.
Features

Each one of these drives has there disappointments when it comes to features. Let's compare each to see what they really offer.

DVD Writing

DVD+R DVD-R DVD+RW DVD-RW
LG GSA-4160B 16x 8x 4x 4x
Lite-On SOHW-1633s 16x 8x 4x 4x
NEC ND-3500A 16x 16x 4x 4x
Pioneer DVR-108 16x 16x 4x 4x

While all these drives are indeed 16x models, only two will write to both formats at this speed. The LG GSA-4160B and the Lite-On SOHW-1633s only support 8x DVD-R writing. So if you are one who only prefers this format, the NEC or Pioneer would be the best choice. All of these drives support writing to DVD re-writable media at 4x.

DVD+R9 Double Layer Writing

Write Speed
LG GSA-4160B 2.4x
Lite-On SOHW-1633s 2.4x
NEC ND-3500A 4x
Pioneer DVR-108 4x

The major disappointment with both the LG and the Lite-On 16x drives is the lack of 4x double layer writing support. Pioneer and NEC seem to be the only manufacturers to jump in and release second generation double layer drives supporting much faster 4x writing. In fact, the jump from 2.4x to 4x is quite substantial as we will show you a bit later in this comparison.

DVD-RAM Support

Supported Read Write
LG GSA-4160B YES 5x 5x
Lite-On SOHW-1633s NO NO NO
NEC ND-3500A NO NO NO
Pioneer DVR-108 YES 2x NO

Now this is where both the LG GSA-4120B and GSA-4160B shine above the rest. In fact, it is what has made these drives the most popular DVD writers on the market. Unlike the rest in the roundup, it is a triple format burner, offering full support for DVD-RAM media. The other drives do not support it, with the exception of the Pioneer DVR-108 which supports reading of DVD-RAM discs at 2x. I personally don't see the point in offering only read capabilities, but it's at least one extra feature added to distinguish it from the rest. Fast 5x support of the LG GSA-4160 will actually be tested a bit later in this article.

CDR Writing

CDR CDRW
LG GSA-4160B 40x 24x
Lite-On SOHW-1633s 48x 24x
NEC ND-3500A 48x 24x
Pioneer DVR-108 32x 24x

The fastest CDR writers of the bunch are the Lite-On SOHW-1633s and the NEC ND-3500A. With their support for 48x writing, they make a great all-in-one drive for many users. The only drive lacking in this lineup is the Pioneer DVR-108. Why they opted for only 32x writing is still quite puzzling and is actually why I have found that many are choosing the NEC over the Pioneer. The LG GSA-4160B should not be left out of consideration though. We will show you later that the difference in write times between 40x and 48x is not much to brag about.

Bitsetting Support

One feature I've found that is most important for many users is bitsetting support. Let's compare these drives and see what they offer.

DVD+R/RW Support DVD+R DL Support
LG GSA-4160B NO NO
Lite-On SOHW-1633s YES NO
NEC ND-3500A NO YES
Pioneer DVR-108 NO YES

The LG GSA-4160B does not offer bitsetting support out of the box. However, it is very likely that you will be able to obtain support through an excellent third-party tool called DVDInfo Pro. Right now, they only support the GSA-4120B, but I'm confident with the author that support for this drive will be likely. LG firmware is very hard to hack, however some select few have been able to do so. Using Lite-On's booktype utility, you can change the booktype of DVD+R/RW media, however, the firmware does not automatically change booktype of DVD+R DL discs to DVD-ROM like the NEC and Pioneer models do.

Additional Features

As far as other features go, all these drives have a 2MB buffer but offer some sort of buffer under-run protection, which all work exceptionally well. This is especially useful if you will be burning discs at 16x, which I personally don't recommend just yet. As our individual tests of these drives revealed, burning at this speed is quite unstable, with the exception of the Lite-On SOHW-1633s.

Short Cut For Windows

CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)